W. Cleon Skousen Insights

D & C 129 - 132 My House is a House of Order and Not a House of Confusion

Revelation Dates: February 1843 – July 1843

Revelation Places: Nauvoo, Illinois

Section 129 - Historical Background: One of the saints in England, converted by Heber C. Kimball, was a faithful man named William Clayton. Three years after his baptism, Clayton moved his family from England to Nauvoo and in 1842 became a secretary and scribe to the Prophet Joseph. Over the next two years, William Clayton was present and recorded significant revelations, instructions and sermons given by Joseph, including the following three sections of inspired instruction. 

• Recap: There are two kinds of beings in heaven: resurrected beings and spirits of the righteous. If God sends you a messenger, ask to shake his hand. If he is a resurrected being, he will do so and you will feel his hand. If he is a righteous spirit, he will not shake your hand but will simply deliver the message. If he is an angel of Satan, he will try to deceive you by attempting to shake your hand but you will feel nothing.

Section 130 - Historical Background: Orson Hyde gave a talk at a meeting attended by Joseph Smith. Afterwards, Joseph made some corrections to the talk and answered questions from the group. Several brethren, including Wilford Woodruff, took extensive notes which became  section 130.

• Recap: Jesus is a distinct, glorious personage. Angels reside with God the Father on a globe like a sea of glass. Those who will reside with God will be given a new name. The timing of the return of Christ is not given. A person will have an advantage in the next life by gaining more intelligence and knowledge in mortality. When we receive blessings, it is because of obedience to that law pertaining to that blessing. The Godhead is described.

Section 131 - Historical Background: A small group of people went with Joseph to Ramus, Illinois and a discussion with the Prophet was held. The apostles carefully recorded these notes of gospel gems which became section 131.

• Recap: In the celestial kingdom there are 3 degrees. To obtain the highest degree, one must enter into the everlasting covenant of marriage, for time and all eternity. To receive your calling and election sure, it will be by revelation and sealed through the priesthood. One cannot be saved in ignorance. Spiritual matter is tangible, but too refined to see it.

Section 132 - Historical Background: Joseph Smith learned the doctrine of plural marriage gradually. He first became acquainted with it early in his prophetic career as he translated the gold plates. Under the reign of Lehi’s son Jacob, the people began to practice polygamy, justifying their immoral behavior on prophets of old, such as Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, David and Soloman. Here, the Lord declared polygamy as a sin unless the Lord had commanded it. As early as 1831, while Joseph was revising the Old Testament, he again came across the accounts of ancient prophets being commanded to practice polygamy. Joseph asked the Lord about it. What he received was such a shock that Joseph didn’t dare record it. The most frightening part was the declaration that Joseph himself would be called upon to introduce this doctrine to the whole church. Joseph carried this burden for over a decade, when on July 12, 1843, at the request of his brother Hyrum, Joseph finally dictated the revelation, known today as section 132. Through the years, this revelation had haunted Joseph Smith. Even after dictating the revelation, it wasn’t made public until after Joseph’s martyrdom 11 months later. It was finally published to the saints in 1852.

• Recap: “Thus sayeth the Lord”, a new and everlasting covenant of eternal marriage must be accepted to achieve exaltation. This new covenant must be sealed by the Holy Spirit of promise, as it must for all covenants entered into through priesthood keys and proper authority. Any covenant not made properly will have no effect after death. Thus the Lord’s house is a house of order, not of confusion. When marriage is performed under the laws of men it will end at death, and those people will remain single and becoem angels; whereas celestial marriage performed under the laws of God will remain in effect for time and eternity, and those people will continue to increase and progress to godhood.
• The plurality of wives is forbidden unless God commands it, as He did in ancient times to Abraham and Sarah, Isaac, Jacob and David. Because God commanded it, there was no condemnation. Joseph Smith is also commanded of God to introduce plural marriage into this, the last dispensation. Emma is commanded to accept this law and consent. The same abides for all who are commanded to enter plural marriage, that the first wife must give consent.
• Note: Emma did consent to obey the "law of Sarah," but only temporarily. Joseph was sealed to a number of wives, however there is no record of any children resulting from these sealings. Nevertheless, Joseph’s example opened the door to the patriarchal order of matrimony under the Lord's strict conditions. Only 5% of the saints were permitted to live the law of plural marriage, yet the entire church suffered the avalanche of new persecution. Following the supreme court of the United States' decision declaring the practice of polygamy illegal, the prophet Wilford Woodruff sought the Lord for direction. In 1890, the Lord released the church from further efforts to extend the number of plural marriages in the future. The sacrifice, persecutions and suffering of the members had been sufficient, just as Abraham's willingness to sacrifice his only son Isaac was sufficient.

D & C 125 - 128 A Voice of Gladness for the Living and the Dead

Revelation Dates: March 1841 – September, 1842

Revelation Places: Nauvoo, Illinois

Section 125 - Historical Background: As the saints from around the world gathered to Nauvoo, many of them settled on the west side of the Mississippi River (Iowa) where the land was more affordable. Two stakes were organized there. With the increasing emphasis on the gathering place in Nauvoo, the question was raised whether the saints in the Iowa Territory should relocate to Nauvoo. Joseph inquired of the Lord.

• Recap: The saints are to settle in the areas according to where Joseph Smith will be inspired to designate, including those areas west of the Mississippi.

Section 126 - Historical Background: Brigham Young was baptized a member of the church in 1832 and has been one of the chief supports of Joseph. For 9 years he served many missions including the eastern states, Canada and England. Joseph predicted in 1832, “A time will come when Brother Brigham will preside over this Church.” Upon Brigham’s return from his successful mission to England in 1841, he reported, “Through the mercy of God we have gained many friends, established churches in almost every noted town and city in Great Britain, baptized between seven and eight thousand souls, printed 5,000 Books of Mormon, 3,000 hymn books, 2,500 volumes of the Millennial Star, and 50,000 tracts.” Joesph received this revelation for Brigham in his own home.  

• Recap: Brigham’s offering is accepted by the Lord and he is told to stay in Nauvoo with his family, to “send” rather than “take” the Lord’s word to the world.

Section 127 - Historical Background: After Joseph’s escape from Missouri into Illinois, Missouri Governor Boggs petitioned the Illinois Governor to arrest Joseph and extradite him back to Missouri for trial. To Joseph’s surprise, and alarm, the Illinois Governor granted this request of extradition. Joseph’s only protection was to stay out of sight until the sheriff, sent from Missouri, became discouraged and returned home. This section is an epistle to the saints by Joseph Smith while in hiding, explaining why he would be out of sight for a while. 

• Recap: Joseph has left Nauvoo temporarily for the safety of the saints and himself. These “perils” Joseph is called to pass through are a small thing to him. Like Paul, Joseph glories in tribulation. The saints should be glad, even in persecution, for God will prevail. Meanwhile, when baptized for the dead, keep good records to show the legitimacy of the ordinances, for what is bound on earth is also bound in heaven. He promises more information will be sent by him shortly.

Section 128 - Historical Background: Five days following section 127, Joseph sends this new epistle to the saints, expounding further instructions on the ordinance to baptize their dead. These baptisms were occurring in the Mississippi River until the baptismal font within the unfinished temple could be completed and dedicated. Joseph was anxious to share all the sacred ordinances to be performed inside the temple, but began with baptisms for the dead. Only 6 others, all of whom were apostles, had received their temple endowment earlier in May, in the upper room of the improvised temple of Joseph’s store. This was necessary because the temple was only about half completed. 

• Recap: Joseph reiterates the importance of a recorder to provide a witness and a very precise record of each ordinance. Whatever is recorded on earth is recorded in heaven, and likewise whatever is not recorded on earth is not recognized in heaven. The baptismal font in the temple is in similitude of the grave, being immersed in the water and then coming forth, as in the resurrection. All priesthood keys of past dispensations have been restored. Take courage and be glad, rejoice for the redemption of both the living and the dead.

D & C 124 Let This House Be Built That I May Reveal Mine Ordinances

Revelation Date: January 19, 1841

Revelation Place: Nauvoo, Illinois

Section 124 - Historical Background: It had been 2 years since receiving the prior revelation and much had happened during that time:

- Joseph had finally been freed from Liberty jail by a sympathetic sheriff (who was then killed by the angry mob for allowing Joseph to escape).

- Joseph fled to Illinois and the saints purchased thousands of acres of unimproved land in Commerce, Illinois for settlements. It was a swampy and mosquito infested wilderness. Many saints suffered from malaria as they drained the swamps and worked the land.

- Two notable deaths had occurred – Bishop Edward Partridge (resulting from persecution injuries) and Joseph Smith, Sr.

- Joseph had gone to Washington DC to seek redress from President Martin Van Buren, who refused to help them. In his own words, Van Buran’s refusal was made for his own personal, political gain.

- The Governor of Illinois signed charters allowing the Saint's new city to be established, self-governed and allowed an independent military body formed from within to protect itself. Hence the city Commerce is renamed Nauvoo, a Hebrew word meaning a place of rest and beauty, and a militia, called the “Nauvoo Legion,” is organized. 

Joseph felt a great sense of urgency in completing the Lord's and fulfilling his calling. Joseph receives this revelation as a result of his pleadings, which is the longest revelation in the Doctrine and Covenants. 

• Recap: Joseph is to make a proclamation of the Gospel to all the rulers of nations; the saints are commanded to build a new temple to the Lord; they are also commanded to build a house to welcome outside guests and investigators; Hyrum is called to replace his father as Patriarch of the church; general and local officers are called directly by the Lord, yet they all must be sustained by the church membership in a church conference before they are allowed to take their office.

D & C 121 - 123 O God, Where Art Thou?

Revelation Date: March, 1839

Revelation Place: Liberty Jail, Missouri

Section 121 - Historical Background: By March 20, 1839, Joseph Smith had reached the lowest depths of utter despair. The physical dimensions of the restored church had been shattered. The saints had been forced to abandon their homes and property in the depths of winter, fleeing over the entire width of Missouri to escape the murdering mobs and Governor Bogg’s unsparing militia. Joseph’s father would eventually die from this suffering, and all this while Joseph lay helpless in prison. The hopes for the new Jerusalem and the mighty Zion were demolished. In this cold, miserable dungeon, Joseph saw no possibility of a fair trial or any way to escape. He and his companions were barely surviving with scraps and slops from the warden’s kitchen, some of which was poisoned and other offerings were described by the guards as “Mormon beef” suggesting a fallen saint's human flesh. In the midst of all this, Joseph’s broken heart cried out to God in anguish.  

• Recap: Joseph pleads, “O God, where art thou?” and is answered lovingly and powerfully, “Peace be unto thy soul.…Fear not… for God shall be with you.” All these enemies of God and of His anointed, are cursed and will “not escape the damnation of hell.” The faithful will receive the Spirit of God, receiving all knowledge, blessings and exaltation. Many are called, but few are chosen because their hearts are set on the things of the world and they exercise unrighteous dominion. The chosen will consistently exercise faith, love, charity and virtue.

Section 122 - Historical Background: This revelation is a continuation of section 121, given in the Liberty jail, Missouri.

• Recap: Joseph, the Lord’s beloved prophet, receives comfort and encouragement. The faithful saints will continue to honor and support him. These tribulations will be for Joseph’s experience for good, and the Lord will stand by him. The Lord has descended below all these things. The days of Joseph are divinely set and cannot be altered by men. Therefore, fear not what men can do, for God shall be with him forever and ever.

Section 123 - Historical Background: This section is a continuation of sections 121 and 122, given in the Liberty jail, Missouri.

• Recap: It is the duty of the saints to keep record of all their losses in life, property and sufferings, including the names of all the offenders. Gather up by committee all the libelous publications. This is done so all the enemies are exposed and left without excuse. Furthermore, it is the duty of the saints, with great earnestness, to bring to light the darkness of evil and expose the wicked. Do not consider this insignificant, for by small things, great things will come to pass. And then stand still and see the salvation of God revealed.

D & C 115 - 120 Your Sacrifice Will be More Sacred than Your Increase

Revelation Dates: April – July, 1838

Revelation Places: Farr West, Missouri

Section 115 - Historical Background: The first General Conference of the church in Missouri was held at Farr West on April 6, 1838. Joseph had arrived a few weeks prior to the conference, having fled Kirtland with the saints and traveling nearly 900 miles to Farr West. Following this exodus and enduring the apostasy of many members, including 4 apostles, the Lord sends this revelation as encouragement to the stalwart saints who remained faithful in the kingdom.  

• Recap: The proper name of the Savior’s church is The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The saints in Missouri are given a second chance to build the Lord’s temple; but are to build it according to the pattern given by the Lord and without any debt. They are encouraged to build up Farr West and establish stakes within Zion.

Section 116 - Historical Background: As the saints continued to pour into the region of Farr West, Joseph travelled north to find additional suitable areas for settlement. About 25 miles north of Farr West, the Lord revealed to Joesph that he was treading on very sacred land.

• Recap: This spot of land is named Adam-ondi-Ahman, the spot where Adam will visit his people as prophesied by the prophet Daniel.

Section 117 - Historical Background: After being forced from Kirtland, the saints scattered quickly and widely. A large group of saints, called the Kirtland Camp, were the last main group who left Kirtland on July 5, 1838. Previously, Joseph had assigned William Marks to be responsible for the church property in Kirtland, along with Bishop Newel K. Whitney who was enjoying prosperity there. But, unknown to Joseph, neither of the two men had joined the Kirtland Camp exodus and lingered in Kirtland. Meanwhile, Joseph inquired of the Lord for further instructions and received the following 4 revelations, sections 117 – 120.

• Recap: Whitney and Marks must settle their business affairs in Kirtland and go speedily to Missouri. They must sell their properties quickly and not be concerned about lost profit or opportunities. William Marks to be called as a church leader in Farr West.

Section 118 - Historical Background: This is the second revelation Joseph received on July 8, 1838. Joseph had set up his headquarters in Farr West. Due to the faint-hearted apostacy of four apostles, the Quorum of the Twelve had been diminished and needed to be replenished with faithful brethren. Joseph pleads, “Show us thy will, O Lord, concerning the Twelve.” Five of the faithful apostles were present at this time, namely, Thomas B Marsh, David W Patten, Brigham Young, Parley P Pratt and William Smith.

• Recap: A conference is to be called immediately to fill the vacancies of the twelve with valiant servants. The Quorum president, Thomas B Marsh, is to stay in Farr West and supervise the publications for the church. The other apostles are to go out and continue preaching the Gospel. The Lord will provide for them and their families. The following spring, on April 26, 1839, the apostles are to gather in Farr West and leave from the temple sight and travel to England on proselyting missions. Quorum vacancies are filled with John Taylor, John E Page, Wilford Woodruff and Willard Richards. 

Section 119 - Historical Background: This is the third revelation given on July 8, 1838. Prior to this revelation, the saints had been commanded to live the law of consecration. Because of failure on the part of the saints, the Lord withdrew this law and covenant. Tithing, as understood by the saints at that time, was merely a free-will offering or  contribution to the church. Joseph asks the Lord, “O Lord, show unto thy servants how much thou requires of the properties of thy people for a tithing.”

• Recap: All surplus property of the saints should be paid to the bishop of the church to be used for the needs of the church. Once this contribution is made, the saints are to then contribute one-tenth of their annual interest. This law of tithing will be the standard for all the saints of Zion forever.

Section 120 - Historical Background: This is the fourth revelation given on July 8, 1838. One of the most critical issues facing Joseph was how to authorize the disposition of resources collected through tithing.

• Recap: Tithing properties should be distributed by the First Presidency, overseeing the distributions authorized by the Presiding Bishop, who will also oversee the distributions made by the high council. All distributions of tithing are to be according to the His voice. 

D & C 111 - 114 Purify Your Hearts Before Me

Revelation Dates: August 1836 – April 1838

Revelation Places: Salem, Massachusetts; Kirtland, Ohio; Farr West, Missouri

Section 111 - Historical Background: In the summer of 1836, a member from Massachusetts by the name of Jonathan Burgess, came to Joseph regarding a sister member in Salem, Massachusetts who was now deceased. He explained that prior to her death she intended to give the church a large treasure of gold and silver which was stored in her basement. Seemingly true, Joseph knew this treasure would be a great blessing to help pay the significant debts taken on by the church for the building of the temple and assisting the saints in Zion. As Joseph, Hyrum, Sidney and Oliver left Kirtland on their mission to the Northeast, they stopped in Salem. Upon arrival they met with brother Burgess, but the sister’s home (and treasure) could not be found due to the tremendous changes in the growth of the city. Meanwhile, back in Zion the saints who had been driven from Jackson County were settling in Clay County. Now, they were asked to leave that county also. Amidst all this turmoil, many of the church leadership were away on this missionary effort, and Joseph received the following revelation.

• Recap: The Lord is pleased with their journey, despite their folly (for the treasure). Don’t be concerned about the debts of the church, for the Lord will give the saints power to cover these debts. Continue the missionary work in Salem and the vicinity.

Section 112 - Historical Background: As it often occurs, following marvelous and beautiful spiritual manifestations, come equally spectacular evil doings, hardships and tribulation. The saints had experienced magnificent spiritual visions and wonders at the dedication of the Kirtland temple, but were now experiencing unprecedented mobs and persecution. Little did they know the Lord was about to manifest significant sifting in the  church, including its leadership. The year following the temple dedication saw a spirit of apostasy sweep through the church. In the midst of this, the Lord opened England as a focus for missionary work, which became incredibly successful. It had been nearly a year since the Lord had given Joseph a direct revelation. The Lord directs this to the First Presidency and Quorum of the Twelve (Thomas B Marsh is Quorum President).

• Recap: Thomas B Marsh was troubled, prayerfully seeking repentance, which was granted. Now, he must remain faithful and preach the gospel. The Lord knows his heart and he must refrain from being partial towards the brethren. Admonish the 12 Apostles for their sins, who must humble themselves, soften their hearts and repent. Marsh holds the keys to administer over the twelve. A day of desolation and lamentation will cover the earth, beginning in the church. Go with the twelve into the world and preach the Lord’s gospel. Stay faithful.

Section 113 - Historical Background: 1837 and 1838 were the saddest years in the church up to this time, with rampant apostasy and threatening murders. Armed mobs pursued Joseph constantly. In one day, Joseph was arrested, released and arrested again 6 times. Fleeing for their lives, the saints abandoned their homes and escaped into the western frontier, settling temporarily in Farr West Missouri. Upon his arrival, Joseph was asked several questions by the brethren concerning the book of Isaiah. This revelation is one of three sections in the Doctrine and Covenants that deal with scriptural interpretation (see also sections 74 and 77).

• Recap: Isaiah Ch 11: The Stem of Jesse is Jesus Christ; the Rod of Jesse describes Joseph Smith as a resurrected being; the Root of Jesse describes Joseph Smith in mortality; Ch 52: The strength of Zion is the Priesthood; To loosen the bands of her neck is in reference to scattered Israel and releasing the curse upon the Jews.

Section 114 - Historical Background: This revelation relates primarily to David W Patton. In 1835 Patton was ordained to be an apostle and was always faithful to Joseph and obedient to God. In this revelation, David W Patton is called on a mission. Note: In October, 1838, while defending the church against an angry mob at Crooked River, Apostle David W. Patton was killed, thus becoming the first martyred “Prophet, Seer and Revelator” in the last days.

• Recap: David W. Patton to settle his affairs and go into the mission field to preach the gospel. Those who hold church positions that are unfaithful will be replaced.

D & C 109 - 110 The Kirtland Temple - A Place of Holiness

Revelation Dates: March 27, 1836 – April 3, 1836

Revelation Places: Kirtland, Ohio

Section 109 - Historical Background: In December 1832, the Lord commanded the saints of Kirtland to build a temple. At that time, there were only about 100 members living in Kirtland, who lacked money, lands or knowledge to accomplish the task. Yet, at the completion and dedication of the temple in March, 1836, there were over 1,500 members, eager to receive their promised “power from on high.” Joseph had never seen a temple but through revelation he was shown the “pattern” from which to build. Through great sacrifice, from the laying of the initial cornerstone in July, 1833 to the dedicatory prayer on March 27, 1836, the temple was now complete. From January through March of 1836, the church experienced what some call a season of Pentecost. There were many open visions of angels, heavenly messengers, spiritual manifestations and even the appearance of the Savior himself. Under direct revelation, Joseph received this dedicatory prayer and read it to the one-thousand members crowded into the pews of the temple.

• Recap: The Lord is asked to accept the house, which they were commanded to build, as a house of the Lord. A request is made to the Lord for His appearance to the saints in their solemn assembly. This house is to be a house of prayer, fasting, faith and glory. He asks the Lord to deliver the saints from their enemies, that they may go in power to gather the righteous before the calamity of the wicked. Turn away thy wrath from the repentant. May the Jews, Lamanites and all Israel be redeemed. Joseph prays for the leaders of the church and the saints be crowned with power and reap eternal joy.

Section 110 - Historical Background: On Easter Sunday, April 3, 1836, one week following the temple dedication, 800 saints gathered in the temple to worship. Although the ordinance of endowment had not yet been revealed (that would be in 1842 in Nauvoo), the ordinances of washing and anointing and the washing of feet had been revealed. As the members worshipped and listened to sermons by church leaders, they  participated in the sacrament as administered by the twelve apostles. Then curtains were drawn, or dropped, separating the Prophet and Oliver Cowdery (ordained as Assistant President) from the congregation. Here, they both knelt in prayer and the heavens were opened. Joseph and Oliver received the following glorious revelation.  

• Recap: The Lord appears at the temple pulpit before Joseph and Oliver, accepting the Kirtland temple as His house. Moses then appears to them and commits the keys of the gathering of Israel; Then Elias (a messenger) appears and commits the keys of the covenant of Abraham; And lastly, Elijah appears and commits the sealing keys, which without these keys, the whole earth would be smitten with a curse. Now, the great and dreadful day of the Lord is near, even at the doors.

D & C 106 - 108 The Holy Order of the Son of God

Revelation Dates: November 1834 – December 1835

Revelation Places: Kirtland, Ohio

Section 106 - Historical Background: It had been 5 months since the return from Zions Camp. Joseph was engaged in the building of the Temple in Kirtland, along with visiting and strengthening each branch in the area. The previous month of March, Joseph had visited the town of Freedom, baptizing 30-40 people there, including Warren Cowdery, the brother of Oliver Cowdery. This revelation is directed to Warren Cowdery.

• Recap: Warren Cowdery to be ordained a High Priest and preside over the saints at Freedom, Ohio. He is to be humble and an example, preaching to the people.

Section 107 - Historical Background: On Feb 14, 1835, Joseph invited all those who risked their lives at Zions Camp, to attend a special meeting. From the congregation, the 12 Apostles were chosen. Shortly thereafter, the First Council of 70 was selected, presided over by a presidency of 7. On March 28, 1835, the Twelve were about to leave on various missions and desired an uplifting revelation to take with them.    

• Recap: There are two priesthoods, the Melchizedek and Aaronic. All offices in the church are appendages to this priesthood. Priesthood offices are listed along with their rights and duties.
  • Melchizedek: To administer the keys in spiritual things, authority to preside over all; Offices include High Priest – organized into the First Presidency, quorum of 12 Apostles, quorums of the Seventy, Patriarch and Bishop; and all other holders of the Melchizedek priesthood are to be ordained to the office of Elder.
  • Aaronic: To administer keys of the administering of angels and the outward ordinances, to be presided over by the High Priest of the bishopric; Offices include Priest, Teacher and Deacon.
• [Note: When it comes time to translate records, such as the sealed portion of the gold plates, the book of Enoch, the brass plates, etc. the prophet will be sustained not only as prophet, seer and revelator, but also translator.] The number of quorums of the Seventy will expand as needed to travel as ministers among the gentiles.

Section 108 - Historical Background: Lyman Sherman was among those faithful brethren who answered the call to Zion’s Camp. However, upon their return to Kirtland, he wavered. Prompted by the Lord, Lyman approached Joseph to request a blessing and revelation from the Lord.

• Recap: Because of following the prompting of the Lord, Lyman is forgiven. The Lord admonishes to stop resisting the promptings of the Spirit and to be more careful in observing your vows. Be patient and faithful so the Father can bless you. Stringthen your brethren through conversation, prayers and in your doings. 

D & C 102 - 105 After Much Tribulation Cometh the Blessing

Revelation Dates: February – June, 1834

Revelation Places: Kirtland, Ohio and Fishing River, Missouri

Section 102 - Historical Background: With the rapidly increasing membership of the church, Joseph needed help in administration. A meeting was called consisting of 62 brethren, and Joseph taught about the ancient councils and how they were operated under Moses and Peter, among others. Joseph had received in vision how Peter presided over councils. Joseph laid out the formation of a Church Council (later named High Council) to assist the First Presidency in the administration of the church. This section, rather than a direct revelation like other sections, is the record or minutes of this meeting. 

• Recap: A High Council will be organized, consisting of 12 High Priests and the First Presidency. Its purpose is to settle disputes that cannot be settled by the Bishop’s Council. A quorum of at least 7 must be present to act. The members of the council were chosen and approved. The accused and the accuser will each be represented by half the council, selected by lot. The president will make the final decision but approval will require a majority of councilors to approve that decision.

Section 103 - Historical Background: Joseph was deeply concerned for the saints in Jackson County, now that it was learned they had been completely driven from their homes. In Section 101, Joseph learned that at some point he would be required to lead “the strength of mine house” to Zion in order to “redeem” it. Seeking further understanding, comfort and direction, Joseph received this revelation as he petitioned the Lord.

• Recap: The Lord will pour out his wrath upon the enemies of His church, but only in his own due time. [26 years later, the Civil War ravished Jackson County until nothing was left standing.] A waiting time is required until (1) the wicked are fully ripe in iniquity, and (2) the slothful saints in Zion receive chastisement and repent sufficiently. If they do not repent, the saints will be subject to the kingdoms of the world and thrown down.
• In due time, Zion will be redeemed. It is decreed by God, for He will raise a powerful leader like unto Moses to accomplish it. This leader will be Joseph Smith. [Note: Because the saints failed to repent, the accomplishment of this decree was delayed, but will still occur in the future by Joseph Smith in his resurrected state, as promised in his patriarchal blessing.]  
• Joseph is to organize “Zions Camp,” to call up 500 men willing to risk their own lives on a mission of peace and goodwill to restore the fleeing saints to their own lands. If 500 do not heed the Lord’s call, 300 will be accepted. If not 300 men, 100 will have to suffice. If at least 100 men cannot be gathered, the relief expedition will be abandoned.

Section 104 - Historical Background: As leaders of the church prepared to leave Kirtland for “Zions Camp,” and not knowing if they would survive and return to Kirtland, concern was given over the pressing debts and temporal affairs of the church they were leaving behind. The saints had failed to live the Law of Consecration properly so they were lacking in resources, especially in building the temple. Joseph turned to the Lord for guidance.

• Recap: The purpose of the United Order is to be a blessing to the church and a benefit for the poor. But some of the saints are unfaithful, resulting in a cursing rather than a blessing. The innocent will be spared, but the guilty cannot escape God’s wrath. Leaders are to remove transgressors from the Order. Each saint must be held accountable for their stewardship. The rich are to reach out and assist the poor, so that both may benefit and rejoice.
• The Lord directs the assignment of properties in the United Order according to faithfulness and usefulness. Because the saints in Zion (Missouri) have transgressed the Order and broken their covenants, their United Order with the saints in Kirtland will be dissolved.
• The Lord clarifies that all properties are His and the saints are stewards only. There shall be two separate treasuries, one for the sacred funds from the people’s tithes for the printing of the scriptures, building of the temple and general works of the church; the other treasury will include proceeds from the properties consecrated to stewards to be used within the needs of the Order.
• All debts must be paid. The Lord will soften the hearts of their debtors. For this once, the Order is allowed to pledge the properties under stewardship in order to pay off their debts.

Section 105 - Historical Background: To answer the Lord’s call to rescue Zion, Joseph could only rally 100 men in Kirtland, while other leaders rallied another 100 men from outlying areas, making Zions Camp only 205 men. From this faithful little group, God will later staff his quorums of Apostles and Seventy. Though the group was small, Joseph could wait no longer to proceed. With clothing and provisions, this small group begain their 1,000 mile march to Independence to confront the mobs who greatly outnumbered them. However, they had a pledge from the Missouri Governor that the saints would receive a military escort back to the lands of the homeless saints. At a place called Fishing River, Joseph learned the Governor now refused to honor his pledge. Joseph reaches out to the Lord for directions how they should proceed to redeem Zion. 

• Recap: Were it not for the transgressions of the church, Zion would have been redeemd already. But the church members have not learned to be obedient, impart of their substance to the poor, and are not united. Therefore, the saints will be chastened and Zion will not be redeemed for now. The leaders are to vigorously teach the saints more perfectly until they are spiritually prepared. God will fight the battles of the saints, but they must first become a righteous people.
• Those of Zion’s Camp who want to stay in Zion may do so, but refrain from boasting of God’s revelations. God will soften the hearts of the people, giving the church time to prepare for Zion's redemption. Purchase as much land as possible. Finish the temple in Kirtland and receive endowments there. Those who will redeem Zion will not be called, but will, at that time, be carefully chosen.

D & C 98 - 101 Trials and Revelations: The Struggle for Zion

Revelation Dates: August – December, 1833

Revelation Places: Ohio, Pennsylvania and New York

Section 98 – Aug 6, 1833 - Historical Background: Persecution was increasing in Missouri and Joseph was concerned for the saints, seeking help from the Lord. Joseph was 800 miles away in Kirtland and had not yet heard of the extreme violence and destruction of property, including the printing press. But the Lord knew what was happening, and revealed to the Prophet this revelation containing principles of peace, comfort and forgiveness.  

• Recap: The Lord has heard the prayers of his people and they will be granted. Have patience. Trust in the Lord. Obey the laws of the land. Their rights are inalienable, yet when the wicked rule, the people mourn. Forsake evil and cleave to good. Renounce war and proclaim peace. The saints in Kirtland must repent. The principles of persecution and retaliation are outlined.

Section 99 - Historical Background: This revelation is out of sequence and was actually given in August 1832, not 1833. The revelation was on behalf of John Murdock, one of Joseph’s most faithful servants. John’s wife died giving birth to twins, who were adopted by Joseph and Emma.

• Recap: John Murdock is called on a mission to the eastern states. He is promised power. Those who accept John accept the Lord, and those who reject John also reject the Lord. John is encouraged to continue preaching the gospel for his entire life.

Section 100 – Oct 12, 1833 - Historical Background: After organizing the Kirtland Stake and getting the Kirtland temple construction organized, Joseph and Sidney went on a mission to Upper Canada. They were accompanied by a new convert named Freeman Nickerson from Perrysburg, New York, who was returning home and invited Joseph and Sidney to ride with him as they journeyed north. After arriving in Perrysburg, Joseph became deeply anxious about his family back in Kirtland and inquired of the Lord.  

• Recap: Joseph and Sidney’s families are well and are in the care of the Savior while they are on their mission. As to this mission, they are promised great success. They are told to fear not, for God will fill their mouths and they cannot be confounded. Be meek and the Holy Ghost will bear record of the truth. Sidney is called to be a spokesman for Joseph, who is to be the revelator. Meanwhile, back in Missouri, the Lord says Zion will be chastened for a season. In due time, God will raise up a people pure in heart to redeem Zion.

Section 101 – Dec 16, 1833 - Historical Background: In Section 97, the Lord declares that if Zion obeyed God's commandments (including building a temple) they would prosper, otherwise they will face affliction, sword, vengeance and fire. The saints transgressed and failed by their lackluster efforts to build a temple. In July, 1833, a large Missouri mob demanded the saints cease from all religious labors in Jackson County. Three days later they destroyed the church printing press, burned the building and tarred and feathered 2 church leaders. In October and November, the mob raided branches of the church demolishing homes, and in one branch “amid the shrieks and screams of women and children, whipped and beat in a savage and brutal manner, several of the men.” A church member and two mob members were killed. The 2,500 saints in Zion were fleeing for their lives. In December, Joseph received the awful news and reached out to the Lord asking why He would allow this persecution and when He would redeem Zion.     

• Recap: The saints were driven out of Zion because of their transgressions, and must now endure their chastening. But God will be merciful. “Be still, and know that I am God.” The righteous and pure in heart will return to redeem Zion and build the New Jerusalem. A time frame was not given. Meanwhile, gather together in stakes and live the gospel principles. Christ will appear to all and the wicked will be consumed. The millennial period will begin and Zion will be built, Satan will be bound, and all history will be revealed.
• Those saints driven from Zion are transgressors and need to be chastened. The Lord gives a parable of a vineyard, whose servants refused to build a tower (temple), and therefore the enemy came undetected and destroyed the vineyard.
• The House of Israel must continue to be gathered and the Saints must gather in stakes to be strengthened. Lands must be purchased in Zion.
• Those who were scattered must seek redress by the law to uphold their inalienable rights. This was the purpose of establishing the Constitution, by the hands of wise men raised up by God. If government leaders do not give heed to these laws, God will be displeased and in His fierce anger, will vex them along with the nation.
• The day will come that the Lord’s people will hold claim to Zion and will return, build and prosper there.